Magic Mushrooms
Psilocybe cubensis, P. semilanceata, and others
Active ingredients: Psilocybin and Psilocin
There are around 200 species out of the 10,000-or-so fungi that have been identified as having psychedelic effects. More are being discovered all the time, especially since we (science, medicine, public) started taking this magical quality seriously - which we are.
The majority of them are in the Psilocybe genus, from the Greek words psilos (bare) and kub (head).
Commonly known as shrooms, mushies, cubes, baldies (kaalkopjes, Dutch word) and fool’s mushroom (various countries) – none of them matches the grandeur and reverence of the Incas’ teonanáctl (Flesh of the Gods), the ancient Greeks’ ambrosia (Food of the Gods) or the soma of the Sanskrit Vedas.
Whatever you want to call them, amateur fans and scientists agree: the psychedelic mushroom is a thing of magic and mystery.
The primary active ingredients of all Psilocybe mushrooms are psilocybin and psilocin (and to a lesser extent, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and at least 30 other complex organic molecules found in trace amounts).
How these substances work is still relatively unknown, though big money is being poured into figuring it out (and patenting it). Psilocybin and psilocin are part of the tryptamine family. They bear a close resemblance to the neurotransmitter serotonin, and the primary effect seems to involve its inhibition.
Once only accessible from the wild to intrepid foragers, magic mushrooms have been farmed commercially since the 1990s. Although this was banned in the 2000s, various legal, easy-to-use kits (just add water, wait, and harvest) became available.
Today’s most commonly available mushrooms are P. cubensis, and P. semilanceata (a.k.a. Liberty Caps), which cannot be farmed, only picked wild.